Research Methodology Methods and Techniques

Methodology During the study there is there is a process which involves the preparation of the report which includes data collection, analysis and inference. This section of the research proposal will show us the methods to be used in the study.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The section is important as it would guide the reader on the methods used to come up with the report. The areas to be covered under this research entail the research design, definition of the population to be used for the study, the sampling techniques and then the data collection and analysis methods. Research design The study will rotate around evaluating the role of stakeholders in the cosmetic industry both in the retail trade and the direct trade or network marketing and compare them as well as seeing how they influence each other (Shepard, 1999). In addition, the research will also be shaped and designed to help in the achievement of the objectives set out by the researcher under the research objectives. Population The population to be used in the study is diverse and it ranges from performers in the same industry, competitors of the same industry and those in the retail industry. Therefore exploratory research is to be used in this case since there is less information at hand and there is no recorded data about the same that can be used as reference. Data collection For the sole purpose of this research, and also in order to achieve the objectives data will be collected using both the primary and secondary data collection methods. The secondary data collected will help us for a backing and strong grounds for our introductory remarks which are both vital and needed also by the researcher in order to build on the project positively. The reader to the research will also be assisted by the secondary data to comprehend more thorou ghly the outcomes of the research and even be able to analyze the interpretations of the outcomes.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Primary data on the other hand shall be collected using two approaches or ways. The first way will require that a questionnaire survey is constructed and used to question the stakeholders in the cosmetics industry. Then secondly, interviews will also be carried, the forms of interviews may be face to face for respondents who are highly reachable and accessible while telephone interviews will also be done to those who cannot be reached easily. This is due to the wide nature of the cosmetics industry. The respondents in this case will be competitors in the industry who are both internal and external. Relevant authority will also be questioned and interviewed. Samples and sampling designs For the purpose of generalization and fair outcome it would ha ve been highly acceptable if all the elements of the population would be studied, but this is not possible due to the large number (Dawson, Catherine, 2002). The impossibility of this compels the researcher to resort to the use of just a sample or a portion of the population to be used for the study. A sample in this case is a portion of the elements taken from a population, and it is considered or taken to be representative of the entire population under study. As noted earlier primary data will be collected using the questionnaire technique where questionnaires shall be prepared and distributed to the target respondents for responses. The sampling method to be adopted in this case is the random probability sampling method since the sample selected of 150 elements of the population is within the normally required limit of if above 30 then below 500 elements (Kothari, 1985).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the appropriate sample in this case; therefore 150 questionnaires will be prepared to be distributed for responses. Also, the interview technique will be used alongside the questionnaires; the interview exercise will be conducted across the board within the industry. The questionnaire A questionnaire is a tool that is normally used to collect or gather information that is of interest to the study that is normally undertaken. In this research closed ended questions will be constructed, this is due to the need to narrow down the exercise (Kumar, and Ranjit, 2005). The exercise is narrowed down in the sense that respondents are able to strictly choose on from a fixed set of responses. In this case the analysis and interpretation is also made easier since statistical analysis can then be employed. The only demerit with the questionnaires is that they are likely to create bias in case the right resp onses are not among the choices. The interview technique An interview schedule may or may not be prepared depending on the type of audience to be interviewed as well as the nature. Personal interviews may require the schedules since they are always conducted so as to help in the achievement of data collection (Benslaben, 1992). Telephone interviews are only done in instances where the respondents had to be collected from as a matter of fact and they themselves cannot be reached at face value. Reference List Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. Research Methods for Business Students (4th ed.) Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall, 2007.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Blumberg, B., Cooper, D.R., and Schindler, P.S. Business Research Methods, Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill, 2005. Dawson, Catherine, Practical Research Methods, New Delhi, UBS Publishers’ Distributors, 2002. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, New Delhi, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1985. Kumar, Ranjit, Research Methodology-A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, (2nd.ed.), Singapore, Pearson Education, 2005. Benslaben, J. Predictive Modeling. In E. Nash (Ed.). The Direct Marketing Handbook. London: London Bookstores, 1992. Shepard, D. The New Direct Marketing, 3d ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. This research paper on Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques was written and submitted by user Billy A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Geoffrey Chaucer

Essay on Geoffrey Chaucer Essay on Geoffrey Chaucer Essay on Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer is one of the most influential writers of his time, whose works mirrored critically social norms and beliefs of his contemporaries. In this respect, Chaucer’s depiction of the clergymen is particularly noteworthy because, in contrast to the traditional piety in relation to clergymen, Chaucer tends to the satirical and ironical depiction of clergymen as is the case of the Pardoner’s Tale, where the narrator belongs to the clergymen but uses his position for his own benefits.Chaucer is very critical in his view on clergymen. To put it more precisely, he debunks the myth about the clergymen as the community of people living a virtuous lifestyle. Instead, he uncovers numerous vices clergymen are inclined to just like the average people. More important, Chaucer stresses the hypocrisy of clergymen, who pretend to be virtuous people, whereas their acts and thoughts reveal their sinful nature. Clergymen depicted by Chaucer are not a com munity of virtuous people. On the contrary, it is rather the community of sinners, whose sins are eve graver compared to the average people because they disguise their sins under the mask of virtuous lifestyle.At this point, it is possible to refer to the Pardoner’s Tale, where the narrator reveals the sinful nature of the clergyman narrating the story. In fact, the main character of the story is not a virtuous person as he pretends to be. On the contrary, he peruses personal benefits and wealth rather than virtue. In such a way, Chaucer debunks the myth about clergymen as the community of virtuous people. instead, he uncovers their sins and disparity between what they tell and promote and what they actually do.

Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too Far

Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too Far Free Online Research Papers â€Å"You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.† Norman Douglas, South Wind, 1917. You can also tell the ideals of a community, city, town, country, and society by its commercial advertisements. In our society controversial commercial advertising is used often to raise eye brows, as well as to get attention for the â€Å"product† that the corporations are trying to sell. Controversial commercial advertising is just a sick way to further degrade and oppress a nation. To be able to understand the problem we must first understand exactly what commercial advertising means and compare it with controversial commercial advertising. Dictionary.com says â€Å"to announce or praise (a product, service, etc.) in some public medium of communication in order to induce people to buy or use it.† Now since the true definition of commercial advertising is put to light, then what would be the definition for controversial commercial advertising? Well you can’t find controversial commercial advertising in any dictionary, but look up controversial on dictionary.com and the meaning will be there. Dictionary.com states â€Å"A controversy is a contentious dispute, a disagreement in opinions over which parties are actively arguing. Controversies can range from private disputes between two individuals to large-scale social upheavals. Controversies in mathe matics and the sciences are generally eventually solved. It is the nature of controversies in the humanities that they cannot generally be conclusively settled and may be accompanied by the disruption of peace and even quarreling.† With that being said I will take you through a narrow path that should hopefully change your view on how our society chooses to advertise on television to our children, to our daughters, and to our sons. The amount of alcohol advertising that is televised through out our states is horrific, for instance beer, wine, and liquor commercials are all examples of alcohol advertising these types of commercials are made to advertise directly to our youth. For an example there is a commercial out now advertising Tanqueray Gin. In the commercial a young man is in a state of sublime ecstasy as he is passing out Tanqueray to all of the young beautiful women around him asking the viewers â€Å"Do you tanqueray?† Now what type of message do you think this commercial is sending out to young viewers? Is it trying to say that drinking Tanqueray will give you sublime ecstasy and beautiful women, but all too often the exact opposite happens to drinkers. In a report done by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services it stated that young people are the biggest consumers of alcohol as well as the biggest naà ¯ve drinkers (1997). Combining low tolerance and high motivation is a deadly co mbination! So instead of a night in ecstasy it’s nothing more but a night of disasters; drunk driving crashes, property damage, date rapes, unwanted pregnancies are just to name a few (U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources 1997). In the same report they also mention that the alcohol companies target the youth in the commercials for higher sales for their product! How ridiculous and yet depressing at the same time. Because of these controversial commercials we need someone out there to fight back so a majority of these commercials being aired would soon be a small amount. It doesn’t just stop there Alcohol industries need to put out more responsible ads on television so that they could advertise their product without targeting the young. Responsible adverting that discourages sexually provocative alcohol commercials from being aired. This is the key to ending a majority of alcohol mayhap and hopefully encouraging responsible drinking. It can happen I’ve seen it done with cigarette commercials. I remember this commercial when I was a little girl; of a cowboy who was rounding up his live stock and after having a long days job done he took out a match from his cowboy hat rubbed it against his rough mustache and lit his cigarette. Maybe you already guessed what commercial I was talking about; if you guessed the Marlboro man then that guess is absolutely correct. The cigarette commercials for a time used to rule our air ways. Until now, instead of a good looking cowboy rounding up live stock we have the â€Å"TRUTH† commercials which are exactly the opposite. As an alternative they talk about the horrible and disgusting truth about smoking. Some would argue that the truth commercials are not meant for younger viewers thus making them controversial but I think not, if you think about it this way which commercial would you want your child to see? Speaking of children how many of you have gone bankrupt or broke after spending money on gifts for your children for the biggest holiday of all Christmas? Statistics show that more commercials are now targeting children think about cell phone carries, toys, video games, and theme parks not to mention cloths. Wow if you’re a parent with a family of four I hope you have some sort of savings. This isn’t just hitting high income families its low income families that are most likely to be the victims here as well (Department of Health Education and Welfare 1969). What can we do about this? Our country is nothing more but one gigantic advertisement after another! Worse of all the advertisements are nothing more but controversial. For an example the video game GTA which is Grand Theft Auto is showing kids that stealing cars and killing cops is appropriate. In a world where anything goes and a society that thrives on wealth how much should be over the limits? When do we take a stand and seriously view how products are being advertised and to whom they are being advertised to? That’s the way to getting to a place of greatness, when we can look at what’s being aired to our nation and put on more positive factual ads that are not poisoning our minds with lies, sex, or low-self-esteem, as Norman Douglas once put it â€Å"You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.† So how about we have those advertisements show who we really are a great nation. References Definitions of Advertising and Controversial. Retrieved September 11, 2007, from dictionary.com U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources 1997. Retrieved September 11, 2007, from Axia Library Department of Health Education and Welfare 1969. Retrieved September 10, 2007 from Thomas Gale PowerSearch Database Research Papers on Controversial Commercial Advertising Gone Too FarGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

The Dummy Subject

The Dummy Subject The Dummy Subject The Dummy Subject By Erin Writers, especially beginning writers, are often cautioned against using passive voice in their writing because its use slows down the pace. Another construction that can make your writing plod is the dummy subject. When we use the words it and there to begin a sentence without a referent (a noun the pronoun is referring to), were using a dummy subject. In this pair of sentences: I went to see Fantastic Four 2 over the weekend. It was fun, but mostly forgettable. It refers to the movie Fantastic Four 2. The pronoun has a referent. In this sentence, however: It is apparent that oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050. It has no referent, and is therefore a dummy subject. The same thing happens frequently with there: There are several ways in which you could begin. There are five stages of grief. Dummy subjects are just one of many problems that weaken your writing by making it vague, fuzzy, and indefinite. The sentences above can be reconstructed with stronger, more definite subjects: Some experts warn that our oil reserves will be exhausted by 2050. You could begin in one of the following ways: (followed by a list). Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five stages of grief in her book On Death and Dying. In general, unless you dont know who is performing an action, or you want to emphasize the action of the sentence for some reason, you should avoid dummy subjects. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireA While vs Awhile50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

The Gulf War Reasons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Gulf War Reasons - Research Paper Example The research paper "The Gulf War Reasons" talks about the reasons why the United States of America won in the Gulf War through the analysis of the economic impact of the Gulf War in the United States including agricultural market and fuels. The US succeeded in the war because of the small resistance it received. The US also confronted Iraqi army which was not in support of the deeds of Saddam Hussein during his regime. The Gulf War contributed significantly to psychological trauma. This is evidenced by the literature provided on the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) portrayed by the soldiers who were exposed to war. The majority of the soldiers who had participated in the war lost their homes in order to raise enough money to pay for their medical care. Additionally, it is evident that some soldiers were exposed to depleted uranium, as well as toxicity from other biological and chemical materials that were enclosed in their weapons. The majority of the armies also were affected by environmental contaminants. The economic impact of the Gulf War was very significant in the U.S. it led to the rise of prices of goods as well as an increase in the rate of taxation. The America farmers also suffer significantly from the war; the American farmers used to sell a lot of their rice to Iraq. Thus, the war led to the loss of market to their agricultural products. The war also led to the increase in the price of the fuel, and as a result, hampered with the investments in many countries.

Popular Culture in the 1960s and 1970s overwhelmingly made the Beatles Research Paper

Popular Culture in the 1960s and 1970s overwhelmingly made the Beatles more Popular than Jesus - Research Paper Example It was therefore not such an impossibility to believe that the Beatles were indeed more popular than Jesus. This paper will evaluate the impact of the Beatles to popular culture, and how they have gained great notoriety, popularity, and influence during and beyond said time frame. Initially, an overview of the Beatles shall be presented, including how and why they were able to gain much popularity. A discussion on the impact of the statement of John Lennon on being more popular than Jesus would also be presented. Supporting proof of their popularity shall also be discussed in relation to the popular culture in the 1960s and 1970s. Concluding remarks shall end this discussion, highlighting the impact of the Beatles to popular culture and how their statement reverberates to the current times. The leading authorities on this topic are Hecl and Womack. Hecl discussed that the impact of the Beatles on popular culture was so significant that it was easy to believe that they were more popular than Jesus. Womack also discusses that the youth during the 1960s and 1970s were so enamored and so in awe of the Beatles that they patronized their records more than they did Jesus and Christianity. I also believe that at that point in time, during the peak of the Beatles popularity that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. So, basing it on those considerations, I would be inclined to believe that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. ... I also believe that at that point in time, during the peak of the Beatles popularity that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. So, basing it on those considerations, I would be inclined to believe that they were indeed more popular than Jesus. Overview The Beatles were a rock band from England, established in 1960 in Liverpool and they are considered one of the most popular and most successful acts in history2. The members of the group include John Lennon (rhythm guitar and vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar and vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar and vocals), and Ringo Starr (drums and vocals)3. Lennon and McCartney wrote most of the songs with occasional contributions from George Harrison. They gained much popularity in UK and in the US as their songs also gained greater social significance. Although Lennon, McCartney, Starr, and Harrison were its popular members, the group started out as a five group line-up with Stuart Sutcliffe playing the bass and Pete best playing the drums4. Sutcliffe soon left the band and Best was replaced by Starr. Their successful career was molded by producer George Martin and manager Brian Epstein. Their first hit in the UK was Love Me Do and in the years which followed, more hits were produced. They became a music phenomenon, and their popularity soon gained the moniker Beatlemania5. They led the so-called British invasion as they hits gained much attention in the US. They toured the world and their popularity reached even greater heights. After producing massive hits, the band broke up in 19706. However, each of them was still able to establish strong solo careers, especially for John Lennon and Paul McCartney. Although the group was only together for 10 years, their strong, successful, and highly influential career is

Meaning of Labels Aspergers Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Meaning of Labels Aspergers Syndrome - Essay Example There are five different types of pervasive development disorders (PDD) that are more often referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (nimh, 2006). Asperger's syndrome is the mildest form of the disorder. All the disorders "are characterized by varying degrees of impairment in communication skills, social interactions, and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior."(nimh, 2006) Another definition makes similar points: "A disorder that is present from birth or very early in development that affects essential human behaviors such as social interaction, the ability to communicate ideas and feelings, imagination, and the establishment of relationships with others." The spectrum of conditions that make up autism often lead to great family disruption and to unfulfilled lives for many children, so any teaching methods that may alleviate the effect of the condition are very important. One of the problems with the whole of autism, and with Asperger Syndrome in general, is the fact that it describes a pattern of symptoms rather than just a single symptom (Powers, 2001). In most ways Asperger's resembles autism, but in a very mild form. Thus a child displays qualitative impairment in social interaction, and often repetitive/limited activities and interests (Tsantsanis, 2003). As it is rather mild autism, children with Asperger's may actually be reasonable functional. At the moment there is actual study that addresses the long-term prognosis for a child with Asperger syndrome. These children appear have a greater tendency towards psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety and perhaps schizophrenia (Klin, 2006). Treatment options tend to include educational development and a search to exploit the often singular talents that some children with Asperger's display. PART 2. Critically discuss the concepts of labels and labeling in relation to Aspergers The concepts of labels and labeling are always controversial when they regard children and possible mental conditions. The results of labeling a child as "autistic" or "Asperger's" will be profound and will effect the child for the rest of his/her school years and beyond. Thus it is important that the 'labels' be given in an accurate manner, and, concomitantly, that they are associated with clearly defined conditions. With Asperger's Syndrome it is diagnosis at the very mildest and most severe form that is most important. For the mildest cases, it may be difficult to distinguish between actual Asperger's and a simple eccentric or anachronistic view of the world being displayed by the child (Muller, 2007). Unfortunately, the syndrome is so loosely defined that it may be simply a matter of subjective opinion rather than objective fact as to whether a child is labeled as displaying Asperger's Syndrom

My Obstacles and Outcomes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Obstacles and Outcomes - Essay Example The problem was that we needed to know what to do with children who are not bilingual and cannot understand the Korean language. I was an English teacher. My job was to lead the children through different activities and preach to them in English. This was a very frustrating experience since I had never preached before. There was also the problem of age differences. I had to handle children as young as 4-5 years of age as well as children who were in the 5th or 6th grade. I was used to smaller groups of children and these were larger. The first day was a nightmare. Firstly, I was not used to delivering a 25-minute sermon. Secondly, I could not get their attention. Thirdly, the preaching level was not up to par to their level of understanding. After brainstorming, matters improved. I came up with strategies. I created a PowerPoint presentation. I also searched for funny simple images that related to the bible story. For example, in telling the story of the blind man I found a picture o f a blind person. I used a strategy of questioning with storyboards and I also found short video clips from YouTube that related to the bible stories. Every child had a chance to answer and as a reward, I provided candy for answering the questions correctly. The final outcome was superb. The children paid attention to the bible study, during arts and crafts, and during their eating periods. The aim of the project was to have them get to know Christ. I was able to do this by creating a visual effect to catch their attention, providing different questions to match all ages, and rewarding them. In conclusion, the project was a challenge. The summer bible camp was an experience that increased my knowledge of teaching. These experiences made me think of new ideas. I am now a Sunday school teacher for 3rd and 4th graders at a new church. I am now able to handle international students more readily. I love teaching and getting to know the children. I hope to encounter other tasks to overcom e and gain knowledge from it, as a member of the Teach For America Corporation.

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Humanities - Essay Example For both of them responsibility is fidelity and commitment to the truth as it presents or reveals itself to their awareness or memory at the present moment. To be responsible to truth is to encounter it/respond to it for what it is. Hamlet first manifested it in his adamant refusal to shed the outward trappings of mourning against the protestation of his uncle king and queen mother, who wanted him to express the jubilation of their new marriage. Stubborn as he is in his fidelity and sense of responsibility towards his deceased king father, he insisted in the truth of â€Å"that within which passeth show† (Shakespeare, Act 1, Scene II). As for Phaedra, when pressed by Oeneoneas to the cause of her depression, she made a simple acknowledgement of the truth raging within her: â€Å"I feel all the furies of desire†. (Racine, Act 1 Scene III). No matter how fearsome the truth is, she shrinks not in acknowledging and recognizing its potent poison. Both of them yielded to the power of this truth but differ in the manner of their response. Hamlet refused to hide the truth; Phaedra chose to languish in secret till she could bear no more to hide the truth. To be responsible to truth is to act so that that the truth comes to light, no matter what the price. When the deceased king’s apparition revealed to Hamlet the dastardly act of murder committed by his uncle against his father and commanded him to execute vengeance, Hamlet subsequently manifested a prolonged ambivalence towards acting on the revelation. Far from fear of the challenge, Hamlet’s tarrying was rather a strong proof of his commitment and responsibility for truth. His words: â€Å"prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell,† (Shakespeare, Act III, Scene I) belied his confidence in the apparition’s revelation and could not commit himself to such unverified disclosure. He, however, was committed to ascertain the truthfulness of the apparition’s revelation,

Novel “Asturias” Essay Example for Free

Novel â€Å"Asturias† Essay Celebrity and fame don’t affect all relationships equally; some individual’s relationships are positively affected while others are affected negatively. Some individuals are easily influenced by fame and let it influence their relationships. Brain Caswell shows these ideas in the novel â€Å"Asturias† in the novel it is about a group being formed to make music and to make it in the world of fames. The song by Ed Sheeran’s You Need Me is about the singer ready to enter fame and is determined to make it. The trailer for Almost Famous is about a boy entering a new world full of celebrities. Asturias explores how fame can affect a celebrity’s relation both positively and negatively. In Asturias fame creates opportunities for individuals to form new relations or enhance old ones. Max desire to, â€Å"assemble a band†¦. With image and substance† reveals how fame gives the group members (Alex, Chrissie, Marco, Tasha and Tim) opportunity to meet each other and form new relationships. This idea also highlights Tim’s observation how, â€Å"you have more friends than ever† when you become famous. Celebrities have more fans and meet more celebrities of which they have idolised. It affects their relations towards the band members in their group. Ed Sheeran’s song You need me, also shows how fame can give more opportunities and exceed in life through the use of metaphor in the line â€Å"more greener pastures†. Likewise the trailer for almost famous also supports the notion that fame can create new relationships as the main character is introduced to rock stars and befriends them. This is emphasised when the main character is shown in a mid shot at the start of the trailer. With an upbeat song playing in the background highlighting his vulnerability and how he is starting the journey to fame. This vulnerable shot contrast with later shots where he is singing with the band members in their bus showing that his joined their group. Fame may create opportunities however it can put strains in relationships. Fame can create opportunities for forming new relationships or enhancing old relationships, in the trailer almost famous it shows the main character in a mid shot with an up beat song playing in the background showing his vulnerability and leading on through the trailer he starts his journey to  fame. He starts to experience the ride that everyone dreams for. These relations are affect by fame because they shown they are alone and they begin to make new friends such as rock stars and celebrities and they being to have friendships with. In the line by Ed Sheeran, â€Å"move to greener pastures,† he uses metaphor to show that he wants to go far and exceed in life. Fame gives him more opportunities to exceed in life and it brings new opportunities in his life. Also in Asturias the line â€Å" you have more friends then ever†, it shows how there are also new people entering in your life. New relationships are made and fame gives them these opportunities. Lastly fame gives you the dream. It’s a clichà © it gives you the opportunity to exceed in life and try new things and do the thing you love. Fame puts strain on old relationships epically with friends and family or can make it difficult to make new (real) friends. Such as in almost famous â€Å"rock starts have steeled my son†, the imagery of fame taking away her son, it affects the mums and sons relationship negatively because her son is to caught up on all the glitz and glamor. The mum knows these people are fake and don’t really care about the son. It also puts a strain in the mums and son relationship as the mother is loosing her son and they are distant. In relation, in Asturias the motif of the â€Å"brass ring† communicates the idea that fame and celebrity is not what it looks like it seems perfect and it everything you imagine it is gold in our eyes. Marco’s realises this when his dad wants to come back into the picture again, his dad just wants his money and doesn’t want him for all the other things. Marcos relations ship is like the brass ring. It looks like gold when his dad wants him but he starts to realise that his dad’s just brass and the idea of him really wanting to know him was an illusion. Brian Caswell outlines that fame has a positive and negative aspects as evident in the line, â€Å"with one hand it gives you the dream, with the other it takes a subtle payment†, where juxtaposition and imagery displays how fame is not always beneficial and always has a price. It shows how it can affect the relationships with your family and friends. You start to feel disconnected but you are making new friends however these friends may be untrustworthy and won’t be they’re when you stuff up. As you see fame has influenced these relationships in a negatively way. Keeping relationships intact while being famous requires hard work and a good support system plus you need to stay connected to the real world. In the song, You Need Me by Ed Sheeran in the line, â€Å"from day one I’ve been prepared†, the composer shows that he’s ready to entre fame, he’s ready to live the lifestyle of socialising, paparazzi, criticism and fake friends. He is ready to live in that negative environment which may affect his relation towards him self. Also in this line the rhythm is fast and up beat, he’s also rapping he uses this to show that fame is constantly fast you got to keep in track and your constantly have to keep putting yourself out their until you make it. In the line, â€Å"the light at the end of the tunnel was beginning to look less and less like an on-coming train†. Brian Caswell does this to show how their seems to be more hope and that the dream can actually happen, through the use of illusion. It shows how f ame affected the group’s relationship positively because they had a good support system and they stay connected to the their family and friends. Fame affects relationships by changing their lifestyle and world. It changes their lifestyle and world because new people entre your life such as fans. You loose your close friends because fame start to take over your life and usually your friends say remember me when you’re famous, because they know their going to loose you. You have a new status to live up to and you have are more restricted with your life. Your lifestyle change to glamorous fast paced, luxurious and wealthy. Your confidence grows and you are also placed in a new environment that surrounds you with expectations and partying and drugs and alcohol. In conclusion celebrity and fame can affects relations based on the person and the relationships on the others. Fame can affect them on the way they think about life by achieving their goals and knowing that anything can happen. However it also can impact their life by changing it around and influencing them to a false world and change their whole persona on life. Celebrity and fame can impact many relations it all depends on the individual and the way they look on to fame.

Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Interventions

Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Interventions Restorative justice is a holistic philosophy and a concept as it encompasses the offender, the victim and the society in which the offence was committed. It aims to bring a conclusive end to the offence committed by making some type of reparations for the malice inflicted, the hurt caused and the deepening of the urge to re-offend. Restorative justice, although a part of the criminal justice process, is not a part of the criminal justice system as one of its goals it to alleviate the damage caused by the criminal justice system on the offender and the victim. There are many explanations of the concept of restorative justice (Zehr, 1990, 1997; Van Ness, 1996; Van Ness Strong, 1997; Sherman Strong, 2007; Amour et al, 2008). This shows that the concept remains hard to define (McCold, 1999; Brazemore Schiff, 2001; Latimer et al, 2005; Pranis, 2007). However, at a United Nations Convention, a working definition was adopted and titled the Marshall Definition (McCold, 1999; Newell, 2002) the following is his definition: Restorative justice is a process whereby parties with a stake in a specific offence collectively solve how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future (Marshall, 1999). Mier (1998), attempts to define restorative justice without any reference to two of the circles namely the victim and society. In a later definition Menkel-Medow (2007) acknowledges Marshalls definition but attempts to be more concise: restorative justice in its most idealised form attempts to repair, restore, reconcile and rei ntegrate offenders and victims to each other and to their shared community. However, the United Nations and the Council of Europe have agreed that there are differences in the terminologies and ideologies on restorative justice (Roche, 2001; Mier et al, 2001; Johnstone et al, 2006). With or without an accurate definition the concept of restorative justice has been in use since the early 1970s in Canada and after became widely used and identified with; Victim offender mediation (VOM), conferencing, circles, victim assistance, ex-offender assistance, restitution and community service. Whereas retributive/criminal justice focuses on punishment, the restorative paradigm emphasizes accountability, healing, and closure (Umbriet, 1998) and looks at the offence as on the person and not on the state. One of the major consequences of restorative justice is the healing or closure for the victim of the offence. For too long the victim was made to suffer the offence many times over in the criminal justice system and in some cases feel a level of disrespect, as the case was dragged through court, this caused the victims to run that gauntlet of emotions over again and sometimes being unable to cope with those feelings they skip hearings or even cause the case to be quashed letting the offender go free and feeling that he had the advantage (Graef, 2000; Herman Webster, 2005; Newell cited in Edgar, 2002.; Menkle-Medow, 2007; YJB, 2008) In the criminal justice system the victim is hardly ever given an opportunity to explain how the have been impacted by the offence and sometimes are not even given the chance to meet their offender in court, this can cause repression of emotions and further scaring, they are given very few real opportunities to become an active participant in the court pr ocess because the criminal justice system is all about the offender and not the victim (Herman Webster, 2005; Umbreit 1998; YJB, 2008). In restorative justice the emphasis ideally should be on all three sections relating to the offence; the victim, the offender and the society/community (Newell, 2002; Schiff, 2007; Marshall 1999) surrounding the offence, however a little more emphasis is placed in many cases on the victim, this type of mediation (Graef, 2000) makes the victims feel that they are an important factor (Graef, 2000; Crawford et al, 2003; Herman Webster, 2005; Angel, 2005; Kubanzky, 2007 cited in Sherman Strang, 2007). With restorative justice the victim feels a since of vindication understanding the reasons, if any, behind why they were targeted for the offence which sometimes lead to an understanding that this will not happen to them again, at least not by the hands of the same offender and that they were not the cause of the offence being inflicted upon them (Umbri et, 1998; Graef, 2000; Herman Webster, 2005; Green 2007). As a result of restoration the victim is able to put a face to the crime and not be assailed with the fear that the culprit is still out there; watching them; even living next door to them or possibly a friend, they are more satisfied with the result (McCold et al 1998; Strang 2002; Sherman Strang 2007; Tudor, 2002.). The victims feel comfortable and are able to reintegrate themselves into society as a productive member (Umbriet, 1998; Marshall 1999; Graef, 2000). In cases where the victim is allowed to decide the retribution of the offender they can feel a sense of justice as the sentence is exactly what they want in order to feel retribution for the crime committed this assists in repairing the harm caused (Herman Webster, 2005; Schiff, 2007). Restorative justice is seen in these cases to be much more rehabilitative than any correctional programme in the criminal justice system because it is the human side of the offence (Graef, 2000; Herman Webster, 2005; Tudor, 2002.) and it places emphasis on repairing relationships which are the tapestry of society (Schiff, 2007). Linda Radzik (2007) argues that restorative justice focuses heavily on the ability of the offender to take positive restorative action (Graef, 2000), she continues to point out that in all cases in order for this action to be fully restorative it must be sincere and voluntary (Umbreit 1994; Menkle-Medow, 2007). It must also be offered for the right reasons and must also be married with other sincere and voluntary efforts on the part of the offender, such as a change in behaviour (Radzik, 2007). Radzik (2007) also goes on to outline the necessary steps the offender needs to complete in order to be considered reformed under the restorative justice concept. One of the main consequences of restorative justice is that the offender is able to heal in a more positive and possibly holistic manner, thus limiting the impact of his suffering, to the criminal justice method of public shaming, this type of indirect shaming does not rehabilitate the offender but usually leads to further anger being internalised and then released as further offending (Graef, 2000). Within this system the offender is treated for the offence, this treatment may be for the psychological, psychiatric or other underlying problem which is underlying the offence committed and may not be limited to traditional medicated treatments but may take the form of counselling, examination of self and emotions and understanding the impact of their actions (Umbriet, 1998; Graef, 2000; Radzik, 2006; Schiff, 2007; Menkle-Medow, 2007). Sutton (2002) states that the restorative justice process provides a concrete manner in which offenders can confront their own behaviour and the damage i t causes. He goes on to say that the object is not to punish the offender of the prisoner but to show how they can become a part of the community even a prison community. Braithwaite (1989 cited in Graef, 2000) countered with the argument that shaming can be a useful tool in the restorative process and once used wisely forms a part of the offenders rehabilitation, this is called rehabilitative shaming. In order for restorative justice to work and healing to take place, the offender must take responsibility for their own actions and the effect on those impacted (Graef, 2000). Walgrave (2007 p.562) agrees that crime is a public event. The following excerpt sums up the result of the act of taking responsibility by the offender: In the restorative process, the victim has the opportunity to witness the offender taking responsibility for his or her actions and apologising for his or her behaviour. For the offender, this means taking responsibility for what happened, but doing so in a context in which he or she is reassured that he or she need to be defined by that action now ostracized forever by family, friends and community. Traditional processes tend to stigmatize both the act and the actor, in the restorative process the two are distinguished so that the offender having acknowledged responsibility and made reparations, can earn his or her way back to acceptance by the community (Brazemore, 1998 cited in Schiff, 2007 p.231). Another important result of the restorative justice process with respect to the offender is its effect on the offenders family. In many instances there are reports of the family of offenders having to hide from the public or even move to other countries, states and deny any relationship with the offender because the public is willing to take their revenge on the family if they cannot have the offender (Tudor, pp 16-19, 2002). This occurs too often to the detriment of the family and the offender. The offender usually look to their family for support, comfort and love no matter how heinous the crime, however if the family or support unit feels endangered by the actions of persons who are not in favour with the offender then they may not want to be in contact or may fall on foul deeds at the hands of another in society who in angry. The offenders also need a support system in order to reintegrate as a productive and valued member, usually loved ones are the bridge which they use to rega in trust and acceptance from society, if this is not there then there maybe a relapse (Graef, 2000, Sutton, 2002). In many cases restorative justice limits the suffering on the family of the offender. Sutton (2002) takes this a little further by proposing that prisons should be seen as extensions of the community and not a separate entity because it makes the offenders visible and he indicates that the prisons are community service vehicles or working communities (Graef, 2000; Sutton, 2002) and need to be seen as such, this he says is achieved through restorative justice. Through this restorative process the offender is able to re-evaluate their actions and use the network of support which is given to ensure that they never re-offend (Graef, 2000; Schiff, 2007). A recent briefing report on expenditure in the criminal courts by the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (2010) indicated that expenditure in the criminal courts system rose by as much as thirty-one percent to  £1027.89 million within the past three years, while staffing fell by fourteen percent (1,088 staff members) and the number of cases brought to the Crown Court increased by seventeen percent. This is a significant expenditure on any government for a criminal justice system. It is neatly summed up by Schiff (2007) when she stated that the criminal justice system assumes that the government is responsible to address all stakeholder concerns. Pranis (2002) made mention of the skyrocketing cost of punishment, and noted that restorative justice required much less monetary investment as it is about healing and reparations. While Menkle-Medow (2007) stated that restorative justice is less costly and more efficient in monetary and deterrent effects. Due to the fact that restorative justice responds to crime and offences without utilising salaried members of the system (police, legal aid, lawyers, magistrates, clerical personnel, prison personnel, in-house counsellors and hospitals) and solutions within the system (correctional facilities, jails and hospitals) the cost of the offender and victim is much less (Marshall, 1999; Sherman Strang, 2007; Menkle-Medow, 2007). Even delays within the criminal justice system cause increases in cost. In a paper by the Barrow Cadbury Trust there are calculations showing the various costs and savings of diversions of cases from the criminal justice system to the restorative justice and juvenile system. It shows tremendous saving from these diversions in a period of one to five years. Diversions to restorative justice conferencing will realise a savings of  £7,050 per offender; diversions from custody to community orders via changes in sentencing guidelines will realise a savings of  £1,032 per offender and diversions fr om trial under adult law to trial under juvenile law following maturity assessment is likely to produce a lifetime cost saving to society of almost  £420 per offender (Barrow Cadbury Trust, 2009). This will produce significant savings over the life of some cases where preparatory time is high and the chances of winning the case is low This is summarised by Sherman and Strang (2007) in the following quote ..one is to reduce the use of courts for processes that fail to bring offenders to justice. A second is to reduce the use of prisons for offenders whose incarceration does not prevent total crimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The unintended consequences coming out from the positive side of restorative justice as listed by the National Institute of Justice (2007) involves such things as the co-option of restorative process for coercive or punitive ends; undue offender orientation and the expansion of social control. However according to the National Institute of Justice (2007) these are to be resisted. From the above references and studies conducted restorative justice has shown itself to be not only cost effective but also very effective in reintegrating and re-establishing some sense of normalcy in the lives of some if not most of the victims which were involved in the process. More research needs to be conducted on the variables of restorative justice which in more countries to be able to come to firm and conclusive statements regarding the concept. This research will also bring conclusion to thoughts from Miers et al (2001) who says that restorative justice is time consuming and labour intensive beset by communication problems and delays. Even if restorative justice does not become a mainstream section of the system, it can quite possibly be integrated into the present criminal justice system to deal with offenders or criminals (Walgrave, 2007 p. 569). In this manner he is countered by Sherman Strang (2007) with the following summary views on the effectiveness of restorative j ustice: Crime victims who receive restorative justice do better, than victims who do not, across a wide range of outcomes, including post-traumatic stress. In many tests, offenders who receive restorative justice commit fewer repeat crimes than offenders who do not. In no large-sample test has restorative justice increased repeat offending compared with criminal justice Diversion from prosecution to RJ substantially increases the odds of an offender being brought to justice. Restorative justice can do as well as, or better than, short prison sentences, as measured by repeat offending. Restorative justice reduces stated victim desire for violent revenge against offenders. With these above successes the must be some place in the system for restorative justice.

Feminism Essay -- Women Rights Feminist Papers

Feminism The notion of difference among the sexes has been studied extensively in terms of cognition and brain activity. An MRI can back these claims, showing male and female brains 'lighting up' in different locations based upon different stimuli. Anyone with a close relationship to a child can attest to the fact that they were born with certain traits. Perhaps their nephew is very shy, while their niece has never met a stranger. In other words, some difference among individuals is innate, fundamental. This notion has been applied to studies in the animal world. Susan Allport, author of A Natural History of Parenting,, notes that "Males provide direct childcare in less than 5 percent of mammalian species, but in over 90 percent of bird species both male and female tend to their young." While researchers have focused on other species, they have been hesitant to apply this sort of lens to human families, largely because this sort of biological inherency does not directly align with the push fo r equality and equal rights that have been so important in recent history in the United States. Fundamentally, to state that biology creates difference in humans and that this sort of difference has the ability to manifest itself in divergent capabilities carries political and social risk for minority and oppressed groups. This has been a main tenet of the argument against difference feminism, yet even some of the most socially radical women have yet to abandon the importance of difference. This paper will examine the limitations of difference feminism, applying a critical lens to the discussion both for and against, with special attention to current political implications. The devaluation of care work in the United States will figure pr... ...es them the unique ability to directly affect the way in which their children view work and family. They may produce a new generation of "opt-in" women and an equally fair-minded generation of compatible men. Clearly, a division among women as to whether opting-out is revolutionary or limiting means that a shared sentiment within the discussion, and most likely policy solutions, still have a long time before they can be realized. It may be that the changes to the workplace that opt-out women desire may have to wait until this next generation, or perhaps longer. In the meantime, it would be careless to imagine that women who opt-out are simply incapable of participation and success in male-dominated spheres. Belkin poignantly addresses the element of rational choice, asking, "Why don't women run the world?" and answering, "perhaps it's because they don't want to."

Essay --

The Renaissance is my favorite part of history to learn about as the Renaissance was a time of rebirth that led to artistic and scientific enlightenment. Particularly in Painting, numerous of artist a rose creating new techniques and styles not used before such as fresco, tempera and oil paintings. Particulary the Works of the Italian Renaissance painter and architect Raphael,born Raffaello Sanzio on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy and is now known for his most famous works in the Vatican in Rome, Italy. At the time of Raphale’s birth, Urbino was a cultural center that encouraged the Arts. Raphael’s father, Giovanni Santi, was a painter for the Duke of Urbino, Federigo da Montefeltro. Giovanni taught his young son Raphael basic painting techniques and exposed him to the principles of humanistic philosophy at the Duke of Urbino’s court. In 1494, when Raphael was just 11 years old, Giovanni died. Raphael then took over the daunting task of managing his father’s workshop. His success in this role quickly surpassed his father’s. Raphael was soon considered one of the finest painters in town. As a teen, he was even commissioned to paint for the Church of San Nicola in the neighboring town of Castello. In 1500 a master painter named Pietro Vannunci, otherwise known as Perugino, invited Raphael to become his apprentice in Perugia, in the Umbria region of central Italy. In Perugia, Perugino was working on frescoes at the Collegio del Cambia. The apprenticeship lasted four years and provided Raphael with the opportunity to gain both knowledge and hands-on experience. During this period, Raphael developed his own unique painting style, as exhibited in the religious works the Mond Crucifixion, The Three Graces, The Knigh... ...ld come to define the architectural style of the late Renaissance and early Baroque periods. On April 6, 1520, Raphael’s 37th birthday, he died suddenly and unexpectedly of mysterious causes in Rome, Italy. He had been working on his largest painting on canvas, The Transfiguration at the time of his death. When his funeral mass was held at the Vatican, Raphael's unfinished Transfiguration was placed on his coffin stand. Raphael’s body was interred at the Pantheon in Rome, Italy. Following his death, Raphael's movement toward Mannerism influenced painting styles in Italy’s advancing Baroque period. Celebrated for the balanced and harmonious compositions of his "Madonnas," portraits, frescoes and architecture, Raphael continues to be widely regarded as the leading artistic figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism.

Reflective Assignment on A Simulation for Cardiac Arrest Essay

Simulation-based nursing education has increased and become a more popular approach for clinicians or educators. It provides a real-life situational experience for students to practice skills, applies critical thinking and makes the decision throughout the simulation. This article is a reflection journal after a simulation for cardiac arrest. Reflection learning has been described as a process of critically reviewing experience from practice so that it may be used to inform and change future practice in a positive way (Bulman, 2008). In this simulation-based resuscitation reflection, the effectiveness of using of the Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) framework during communication between allied health care professionals, teamwork during resuscitation and methods of collecting history from patient and patient will be discussed. Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation (SBAR) framework. In this simulation, the nurse communicated with a physician by using traditional way to report patient’s condition via phone. Physician promoted and obtained information. SBAR is a communication model which includes Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. The use of SBAR promotes quality and patient safety by setting shared expectations in terms of what is communicated. SBAR allows for efficient and predictable sharing of information by creating a shared mental model (Shapiro, J. 2017). It has become very popular among healthcare setting, especially between physicians and nurses. It is an effective way of communication for healthcare professionals and allows for transferring of important information. The SBAR framework is considered by nurses and physicians to be an effective method for organizing the handoff report (Stewart, 2016). A study showed improved perceptions of communication in nurse-to-nurse and nurse-to-physician sceneries by using pre/ post-SBAR implementation questionnaires (Blom, Petersson, Hagell, & Westergren, 2015). Hailu, Kassahun, & Kerie (2016) founded that communication failure between nurse and physicians was one of the leading causes of preventable patient injuries, complications, death and medical malpractice claim. Use of SBAR framework has been a method which can overcome this communication problem, Thus, using of SBAR framework has two major implication in future. First, nursing education should include appropriate use of SBAR framework which can be used for effective communication at clinical areas (Stewart, & Hand, 2016). Same education will provide the same perception of SBAR framework and provide better application of this framework. Second, Stewart and Hand (2016) also suggested that SBAR framework should be applied by nurses as a guideline for all handover communication between nurses and physicians, inter/intra department or institutions. Inpatient safety, effective communication during patient handoffs is the nursing priority (The Joint Commission, 2015). TEAMWORK In this simulation, endotracheal intubation was done in different manners. In the first team, all members did endotracheal intubation and stopped chest compression. In second group one person struggled and did an endotracheal intubation. Teamwork was not done in this simulation. As this procedure should need two persons at least. Teamwork and leadership were lacked. Resuscitation is a stressful, time-pressured procedure, and unfortunately if often futile. Care of a patient in the emergency setting is particularly prone to errors and adverse events for a variety of reasons. These include the time-pressured decision making, increased rate of patient interventions, and the fact that teams are â€Å"assembled† by the emergency call that may have never worked together, or even met each other, before. (Walker, 2013). Even though there were a well-known cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) algorithms among health care professionals, the results of CPR were remained poor (Hunziker, Johansson, Tschan, Semmer, Rock, Howell, & Marsch, 2011). Hunziker et al. (2011) indicated some other factors like teamwork and leadership affect the application of CPR algorithm and hence the performance of CPR, besides the technical skills of the resuscitation team members. Research has shown that teamwork and leadership training has been shown to improve subsequent team performance during resuscitation (Hunziker et al., 2011). History taking History was taken from a patient in this simulation. The nurse used OLDCART known as O-Onset, L-Location, D-Duration, C-Characteristics, A- Aggravating factors, R-Relieving factors, T-Treatment to obtain a history of present illness from the patient. Nursing care encompasses knowledge, skill, and competence to enable holistic patient assessment (Office of the Chief Nursing Officer (OCNO) (Ireland), 2016). Professional nursing care involves capturing, analyzing and interpreting patient information (OCNO, 2016), initially through the patient’s health history. Obtaining a detailed clinical history is a core competency of many advanced nursing roles (National Council for the Professional Development of Nursing and Midwifery (NCNM) (Ireland), 2008; Tagney and Younker, 2012; Apau, 2010; Quigley and Martin, 2013), in combination with the advanced physical assessment. Taking a comprehensive health history is a core competency of the advanced nursing role. The purpose of the health history is to source important and intimate knowledge about the patient, their lifestyle, social supports, medical history and health concerns, with the history of presenting illness as the focus and allow the nurse and patient to establish a therapeutic relationship ( Ingram, 2017). At the beginning of history taking, the nurse had established a therapeutic relationship with the patient. During assessing of chest pain, pain score was used to evaluate the severity of pain. This provided a common language between nurses and physicians. CONCLUSION Errors in communication continue to be a contributing factor in adverse patient events in healthcare systems (The Joint Commission, 2015). The systemic nature of the problem of miscommunication between healthcare providers supports the need for a standardized communication method. The SBAR tool is a simple, effective method for communication that operates across disciplines and is well- received by healthcare professionals (Blom et al., 2015; Nagammal et al., 2017). Use of the SBAR tool thus should be implemented systematically to improve healthcare communication and create a safer patient care environment. A study had shown that communication was still affected due to structure absence, loss of information and low adherence after implementation (Ludikhuize, de Jonge, & Goossens, 2011). As part of professional obligation and for a better outcome of patients, nurses and physician should discuss their communication level while giving care to the patient, communicate openly, in mutual professional respect, and share patient’s information. Moreover, these professional needs play a vital role in creating smooth and a well-defined communication channel (Hailu, Kassahun, & Kerie, 2016). Teamwork is an essential non-technical skill in the perioperative environment. Along with other key factors, it plays a vital role in safe and effective practice and should be fostered and encouraged through appropriate training and education. The model of teamwork training best suited to the perioperative environment is less clear. Great care must be taken to ensure that any model used offers the maximum benefit to patients and staff in terms of perioperative safety. Superimposing popular management techniques and training models from other sectors onto this inter-disciplinary, time and safety critical environment may not achieve the desired outcomes or represent the good use of limited resources. Recommendations It is clear that more research is required into what is the best model of teamwork training for the perioperative environment. While there have been some controlled studies, a methodology for robust RCTs must be developed in order to bridge the existing knowledge gaps around the clinical effects of teamwork training. Similarly, longer-term effects and the level of need for ongoing training and mentorship must be established. The key recommendation, however, relates to inter-disciplinary team training at the pre-clinical stage. The evidence set out in this paper suggests that inter-disciplinary training in simulation offers a range of benefits to perioperative staff, particularly in the areas of communication, cooperation, and team building. Similarly, interdisciplinary learning in healthcare education appears to promote collaborative working and greater understanding of professional roles. In the experience of the author, however, medical students do not take part in the simulated perioperative exercises which are a key aspect of the training and education of operating department practitioners. The integration of medical students at this level is something which is highlighted in the literature as potentially important in breaking down stereotypes and challenging the establishment of the medical hierarchy. Introducing interdisciplinary training which includes medical students, nursing students, ODP stude nts and allied healthcare students working together in simulated scenarios, could help to demystify aspects of the perioperative environment and to address barriers to teamwork and communication before they become established. Further research is required to explore the optimum form and duration of this approach to learning and to establish what if any, effects this has on the future clinical practice of participants. In this respect, the student environment would serve as an excellent testing ground. Roche, F. (2016) We propose that further studies on the effects of team interactions on the performance of complex medical emergency interventions such as resuscitation are needed. Future efforts to better understand the influence of team factors (e.g., team member status, team hierarchy, handling of human errors), individual factors (e.g., sex differences, perceived stress), and external factors (e.g., equipment, algorithms, institutional characteristics) on team performance in resuscitation situations are critical to improve CPR performance and medical outcomes of patients. (Hunziker et al., 2011).

Value Chain

Value Chain Analysis ******** Diagram ********* The above model demonstrates the principal element of Value Chain Analysis for an organization such as Easyjet. The integration of the above elements ultimately delivers great margin potential and thus the ideal high profitability status. I will provide a detailed analysis of this model to highlight the core capabilities of Easyjet: Infrastructure Main headquarters based in Luton. Provides excellent communication with motorways, railway lines and bus access Low overheads Paperless office No ticketing system with posted ticket Simple distribution channel management (through the Internet or call centers) Low airport costs (minimal time of aircraft on the ground), thus achieving economies of scale Financial resource investment initially supported by Haji-loannou HR Management Haji-loannou, high profile entrepreneur (shipping tycoon background), Hands-on-approach from Haji-loannou – looking for opportunities to diversify and expand, Innovative marketing terms for marketing communications to date. Technology Development Booking through the Internet (higher margins, with a more manageable, simplistic system) Strong reputation for being an airline where bookings are made via the phone or Internet. Procurement Easy purchase system in place for flight bookings Negotiated low cost airport fees Simple staff uniforms No tedious ticketing system in place Below you will find a commentary on how these key elements are also integrated into the Easyjet business and further, how the strengths can be used to develop and extend the Easyjet brand. Inbound Logistics Excellent communication system in place at airports and easy flight booking policy/payment methods convey an image of convenience – a key benefit to consumers Operations and Outbound Logistics Good marketing strategy – ‘we have the best’ approach Partnerships and promotional tie-ins with the mass media High profile PR strategy (for example: the PR stunt against Robert Ayling, Chief Executive of British Airways and its budget airline â€Å"GO† – gains cheap PR coverage) Fine targeting of attractive segments emerging e. . utilization of casual uniforms. However, safety is always a critical concern and is up to par with the standards of other airlines. Service Convenience and simplicity are of integral importance Affordable, frequent, reliable, safe slots are offered to an increasing number of new destinations No frills and/or complications are associated with the travel experience. Conclusion Clearly Easyjet has some at tractive core capabilities that have been established in the marketplace and are perceived as ultimately beneficial to the consumer. The Value Chain Analysis highlights those elements of the business that can be integrated or fine-tuned (through for example ‘just in time’ systems, quality standards and relationship marketing) in order to achieve the overall objectives of high margins, profitability and market share. Perceived superior services or products, market knowledge, industry contacts, legal advantages (patents, copyrights) perceived high value brands, low overheads, economies of scale and an offensive marketing approach are some of the key factors / elements for sustaining a competitive advantage and indeed promoting the Easyjet family of companies.

Antonym Brutes

So remember when you are making a decision, think to yourself if there will be a consequence involved that can change your life. He lives by his wiles as well as his courage. He is an intellectual. Often he openly valuates a situation, demonstrating the logic he employs in making his choices. When it proves effective, Odysseus lies to his own family, cheats, steals, in ways that we would not expect from an epic hero. Although he IS self disciplined, his courtesy is sometimes the root of his trouble.He is willing to pay a price for knowledge, for example: he insists on hearing sirens call, even though he must have himself excruciatingly strapped to the mast of his ship so that he cannot give in to the temptation. Teeter's decision of going in the kayak by herself can bring great consequences. If she ever drowns, there loud be nobody by her side to save her, and if doesn't have a phone then nobody could come help her, unless she screams for help. Since she goes far, her parents might n ot be able to hear her.Also her disability could bring dangers, including falling out, or if the waves get big for the boat to fall over. Teeter's parents should be aware of the consequences that could happen along with her decision and her parents should always help her be prepared and be aware. Brutes and his inconsistent behavior and actions lead to his death, and brought many consequences. When he knows that he will be featured by Antonym, Brutes does not ask anybody to kill him, but instead he asks if one of the soldiers will hold a sword for him to kill himself with.Because of his decision to join the assassination, Brutes loses everything that mattered to him. He fails to follow the experience of cassias, and listen to his recommendations. In conclusion, consequences can be unpleasant, and unwelcoming to anybody on this planet. Odysseus, Teresa, and Brutes all faced consequences from there decisions made, and should have decided on something different that would bring peace a nd happiness. When faced a consequent, you might just have to bare it.

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula

Definition and Examples of the Zero Copula In grammar, zero copula refers to the absence of an explicit auxiliary verb (usually a form of the verb be) in certain constructions where it is customarily found in standard English. Also called copula deletion  or understood copula. In their book Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English (Wiley, 2000), John R. Rickford and Russell J. Rickford note that the zero copula is one of the most distinctive and identity-affirming characteristics of ​African-American Vernacular English  (AAVE). Examples and Observations I dont say stuff to people most of the time. Mostly I just look at them like they stupid.(Katherine S. Newman, No Shame in My Game: The Working Poor in the Inner City. Random House, 2000)Why she cant come to me? Fanny asked as she passed Mercy off to a neighbor so she could walk faster. Where she been? Where she at now? Fanny asked, wringing her hands. She knew something was wrong.(Bernice L. McFadden, This Bitter Earth. Plume, 2002)The Zero Copula in African-American Vernacular English (AAVE)One of the most interesting characteristics of AAE is the . . . use of the zero copula. As [William] Labov (1969) has explained, the rule for its use is really quite simple. If you can contract be in SE [Standard English], you can delete it in AAE. That is, since He is nice can be contracted to Hes nice in SE, it can become He nice in AAE. Likewise, But everybodys not black can become But everybody not black. . . .We should note that the zero copula is very rarely found in the speech of whites, even poor southern whites. Not all blacks use it either.(Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) ​\ Factors Governing the Use of the Zero Copula [Toya A.] Wyatt (1991) found that AAE preschoolers were more likely to use zero copula: after pronoun subjects (56%) rather than noun subjects (21%); before locative predicates (35%) and adjective predicates (27%) rather than noun predicates (18%); and in second person singular and plural predicates (45%) rather than third person singular predicates (19%). In addition, the zero copula occurred less than 1% of the time in past tense, first person singular, and final clause contexts. This suggests that as early as three years of age, AAE child speakers not only acquire the basic grammatical features of AAE but also the language-specific variable rules that govern their use (Wyatt 1996).(Toya A. Wyatt, Childrens Acquisition and Maintenance of AAE. Sociocultural and Historical Contexts of African American English, ed. by Sonja L. Lanehart. John Benjamins, 2001) I hold Jinggaya. Jinggaya, you all right? I ask. I got bad fear she hurt.Yes, yes, she say. I all right. You all right?(Andrew Parkin, A Thing Apart. Troubador, 2002) Zero Copula and Pidgins Zero copula is probably the single feature most readily associated with pidgins. . . . However, it is not an exclusively pidgin feature by any means. . . . Thus, while zero copula may exist, or have existed at some time, in all pidgins, it is not a feature which distinguishes pidgins from other languages.(Philip Baker, Some Developmental Inferences From Historical Studies of Pidgins and Creoles. The Early Stages of Creolization, ed. by Jacques Arends. John Benjamins, 1995) Suddenly the managers boy put his insolent black head in the doorway, and said in a tone of scathing contemptMistah Kurtzhe dead.(Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, 1903)

Essay Sample on a Response to Intervention Model in School Districts

Essay Sample on a Response to Intervention Model in School Districts There are many issues facing educators today, which impact the academic lives of todays students. One issue at the forefront is the organization and implementation of a Response to Intervention model within school districts across the state. A Response to Intervention (RTI) model allows all school personnel to better integrate the services offered within districts or buildings, thereby enhancing the delivery of all available services. RTI is composed of three main components: A tiered system of services, a problem-solving approach, and a data collection system. First, the tiered system allows each student’s individual needs to be addressed. Services are offered through tiers: universal services offered to all students, supplemental services offered to students who need some additional support, and intensive services for those students who need extensive support. Secondly, the problem solving approach allows teams of people to work together to meet those student’s needs. Finally, the data collection system is the key component to noting how the students are progressing and achieving the necessary benchmarks. RTI allows for districts to increase involvement from all interested parties in a student’s education including: staff, students and parents. It automatically allows for the accountability required by federal and state legislation, and also increases student achievement. However, it is not without it’s detractions. RTI requires new skills and training across the field. Often the implementation of the data collection and management is overwhelming. I believe that using an RTI model is beneficial when implemented in a thoughtful manner. The mind-shift and perhaps personnel shift that may need to occur should be provided through staff development and the implementation of coaching. Additionally, I believe that shifting the focus from how students are performing from where students are placed is singularly the biggest step forward in pre-referral and service delivery in decades.

Civil Rights And Public Policy Essay Example

Civil Rights And Public Policy Essay Example Civil Rights And Public Policy Paper Civil Rights And Public Policy Paper Essay Topic: Claim of Policy All men are created equal has had little weight In American society and has been the cause of social unrest in America for decades. From blacks to minorities to women, unequal treatment has been the cause of protest and objection. Civil rights and inequality cases and issues are focused on by Congress, the courts, and the bureaucracy. Not only is discrimination an issue against race and gender, other groups have been demanding social and constitutional protection. There are some that have to do with GE and disability, and there are more controversial ones like sexual orientation. Call rights must be demanded and quieted upon. These fights have to take place on philosophical levels, as well as Constitutional interpretations. The Declaration of Independence might have stated equal rights for all, but does it actually mean equal opportunities for all. Even though we might have equal opportunities, does that mean we all have equal chances of succeeding? Do all of these other minorities have the same chance to succeeding as do all other peoples? Are they all getting the same results and reward? This Is the focus of the 21st call liberties fight. Founding fathers did not explicitly mention equal rights for all; however, the interpretations of the constitution and other historical documents do no not limit freedom to any specific government. The constitution is unequal in many terms. The First Amendment didnt explicitly allow freedom of expression which allows people to protest for equality. Equality only appeared in the post-civil War in the Fourteenth Amendment which prevents states from making laws depriving anyone from their rights, In this case, equal protection. Equal protection Is a key tool for determining call rights and equality. Standards of review are used by the higher courts to determine nature of potential discrimination. For example. In Standards of review, there are laws that classify groups based on age and wealth. They have to pass test and get a result of reasonableness. Then there is potential classification by gender and that must passed pass intermeddle scrutiny. The last is classification by race, in which the laws are Inherently suspected. The most important group of people who have fought tirelessly for their rights are the African Americans. For the first 250 years the united States was created, blacks were treated as property with no rights. The 1 857 Dread Scott Scott v. Sanford ruling declared that even slaves escaping to free states had no rights as a citizen and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories. The Missouri Compromise made Missouri a slave state but with the condition that the northern territories were free. After all of this and decades later, the thirteenth Amendment banned slavery and Involuntary servitude which led to the era of reconstruction and segregation which broke three Amendments at the same time. The 13th, 14th, and the 15th. In the 1896 Please v. Ferguson case: Supreme Court gave Constitutional justification to segregation, ruling that separate but equal was Constitutional. This made segregation even worse because the government was officially supporting it after they had made those three amendments. Equal education was a major issue now. From this issue rose the issue of busing which was extremely popular among all people In ten earlier years. From tens Issue, Trot ten education and from many other issues, the Civil Rights Movement was formed. The Civil Rights Movement, and its nonviolent activists, attempted to end political, social, and economic policies that promoted segregation. By the asses the majority of white Americans supported civil equality. The influence of courts and shifting public stances led to many public policies and laws aimed at promoting racial equality in the asses and asses. Most notably, the Civil Rights Act of 1964: made racial discrimination in public accommodation areas (ex. Restaurants and hotels) illegal. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 would be the most massive attempt to enforce black forage. After the Brown ruling, congress set to end all forms of segregation. After the African American Civil Rights Movement, other minority groups set out to claim their rights. Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Arabs Americans and Muslims. Women also battled public policy. Feminists groups sprung out of nowhere in the past century. For the first time in American history an American Women almost won presidency. Wage discrimination is an issue under the spotlight. Sexual harassment is an issue that been around for a very long time. Womens enlistments in the military has been a huge turning point for women in history. Other groups Active under the Civil Rights Umbrella are the elderly of America. Presidential candidates focus a great deal of their time on this social group. People with disabilities have also been asking for rights and have been facing much discrimination. LIGHT have been gaining massive support nowadays, with their issue being one of the biggest controversial issues Americas has faced. Affirmative Action is a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged groups.

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle - Science Demonstration

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle - Science Demonstration Heres a quick and easy science project you can do: make a cloud inside a bottle. Clouds form when water vapor forms tiny visible droplets. This results from cooling the vapor. It helps to provide particles around which the water can liquefy. In this project, well use smoke to help form a cloud. Cloud in a Bottle Materials You only need a few basic materials for this science project: 1-liter bottleWarm waterMatch Lets Make Clouds Pour just enough warm water in the bottle to cover the bottom of the container.Light the match and place the match head inside the bottle.Allow the bottle to fill with smoke.Cap the bottle.Squeeze the bottle really hard a few times. When you release the bottle, you should see the cloud form. It may disappear between squeezes. The Other Way to Do It You can also apply the ideal gas law  to make a cloud in a bottle:PV nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is number of moles, R is a constant, and T is temperature. If the amount of gas (as in a closed container) isnt changed, then if you raise the pressure, the only way for the temperature of the gas to be unchanged is by decreasing the container volume proportionally. If youre not sure you can squeeze the bottle hard enough to achieve this (or that it would bounce back) and want a really dense cloud, you can do the not-as-child-friendly version of this demonstration (still pretty safe). Pour hot water from a coffeemaker into the bottom of the bottle. Instant cloud! (... and a slight melting of the plastic) If you cant find any matches, light a strip of cardboard on fire, insert it into the bottle, and let the bottle get nice and smoky. How Clouds Form Molecules of water vapor will bounce around like molecules of other gases unless you give them a reason to stick together. Cooling the vapor slows the molecules down, so they have less kinetic energy and more time to interact with each other. How do you cool the vapor? When you squeeze the bottle, you compress the gas and increase its temperature. Releasing the container lets the gas expand, which causes its temperature to go down. Real clouds form as warm air rises. As air gets higher, its pressure is reduced. The air expands, which causes it to cool. As it cools below the dew point, water vapor forms the droplets we see as clouds. Smoke acts the same in the atmosphere as it does in the bottle. Other nucleation particles include dust, pollution, dirt, and even bacteria.

Exercise Deprivation on Mood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercise Deprivation on Mood - Essay Example The tend to exercise more due to the guilt of overeating and when it helps in maintaining the body and also improves the mood, the habit would become habitual, which could turn fatal to the health of the individual. This type of behavior is found commonly among college goers who heavily depend on exercises to keep themselves fit and healthy and achieve a greater level of mood satisfaction. Apart from normal individuals, exercise plays a vital role in case of athletes who need to maintain a certain level of fitness to overcome the pressures of the game. However, there has not been much research that has focused on what impact will exercise dependence have in case of athletes. Thus the article provides a comparative study on the impact of exercise dependence and withdrawal on the mood changes in both athletes and non-athletes. In this correlational study 46 athlete and 34 non-athletes female participants were included. The athlete participants were not in-season players and were not attending any training at the time of the study and the sports in which they were engaged included basketball, football, swimming and diving. The non-athletes on the other hand exercised for two hours per week. The age, height, weight, demography and exercise dependence status of the participants using a exercise dependence scale were obtained.

Operation Management Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Operation Management Exam Questions - Essay Example In production and operations management, three types of capacity are often referred to: Potential Capacity - The capacity that can be made available to influence the planning of senior management (e.g. in helping them to make decisions about overall business growth, investment etc). This is essentially a long-term decision that does not influence day-to-day production management Capacity, being the ability to produce work in a given time, must be measured in the unit of work. Brooks (1995) writes about a "man hour", the amount of work performed by an average worker in one hour. As Brooks (1995) notes, there is a problem with this capacity that organization, training and co-ordination activities could more than outweigh the potential benefits of having extra staff working on a task. In Capacity Management there are usually two potential constraints - time and capacity. Time may be a constraint where a customer has a particular required delivery date. In this situation, capacity managers often plan backwards, i.e. they allocate the final stage of the production tasks to the period where delivery is required; the penultimate task one period earlier and so on. This process helps identify whether there is sufficient time to meet the production demands and whether capacity needs to be increased, even if temporarily. One of the objectives of capacity management is to deliver best practices that establish a communications framework between IT operations and the business. This is essential for ensuring that the capacity management process works toward meeting the business capacity requirements. The typical problem is that IT operations often work with measures of computer performance, megabytes of storage, or other expressions of capacity or throughput. At the same time, the business is using expressions such as sales effectiveness, market share, time to market, profit, cash flow, and return on investment (ROI). (Microsoft 2006) PART B Discuss the capacity management strategies available to a manufacturing company who produce a range of domestic air conditioning units and experience peaks and troughs in demand in line with summer and winterer seasons. The most durable solutions to manage capacities in manufacturing of domestic air conditioning units come under the category of adjusting capacity correcting measures depending on the season. Of course, implementation and use of these strategies may actually require changing existing management approaches, and this is not necessarily simple to do. Alternative, temporary measure can be implemented, but then consideration must be given to both the near and longer term incentives and impacts that these measures create. Ultimately, the actual adoption of Capacity Management is a political decision and, as such, may not necessarily relate directly to the most technically efficient

Knowledge management issues in the new global economic order Essay

Knowledge management issues in the new global economic order - Essay Example At the same time technology is playing a major role in the development and existence of the Trans national companies. The Board, chief executive officers and top level of the management always think about new strategies and systems to maintain the growth and prospects of their organisation. However the growing competitive environment and emergence of new industry houses from developing markets are compelling existing multi national companies to give shape for solid action plan for the long term existence. With the opening up of economies world over the capital flow has now become more free and margins have come down significantly. Most of these companies are now working on shoestring margins or carrying out specific cost saving measures to increase their competitive advantages. The major challenge these companies are facing today is the high competitive advantage for companies in the emerging economies such as India, China, Brazil and other East Asian countries. Companies from these areas have an inherent competitive advantage due to the availability of cheap labour, raw material and skilled human resources. Also these companies have good knowledge of their domestic market, which is now emerging as the largest global market. It is in these geographical areas that a two third of the global population lives. Also companies from these economies are also aggressively entering into the markets in developed world such as United States, European Union and United Kingdom. While they were compelled to decrease the cost of production, it was necessary to improve technology and product quality to sustain in this highly competitive global trade scenario. It is in this scenario that multi national companies are thinking of a new approach for growth. During the post liberalization, globalization and privatization period companies have started to invest heavily on Research and Development and technology. Today technology is playing a major role in the evolution of industrial organizations working in both manufacturing and service sector. They have no choice but undergo drastic change in the organizational structure. When we talk of adapting changes, it is easy to say than practice. For a long time organizations are working in a designed frame work and there will develop an internal inertia against any change from this framework. Employees, shareholders, customers and other stakeholders of the company will view brining in any change in the total working atmosphere and structure of the organization suspiciously. So there should be a keen strategy to win the minds of these stakeholders before introducing any change. In the first part of the 21st century global trade system has seen large number organizational initiatives in a bid to increase competitive power of the organization. It was in this period that the word outsourcing got more attention. It means that companies in developed economies, where cost is higher, will transfer jobs to cost effective emerging economies to increase their competitive strength. Initially most of the outsourcing happened in manufacturing sector. Many multi national companies had shifted their manufacturing facilities to the low cost economies such as China, Korea, Brazil and other south East Asian countries. This was followed by services sector. Here India and Philippines have emerged as new hot destinations due to their English knowledge. Though

ACC403, Principles of Accounting Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay

ACC403, Principles of Accounting Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example The existing cost allocation uses factors which identify the portion of costs for each multi-purpose facility that are specific to individual purposes (separable factors) and the proportional allocation of remaining joint costs among multiple purposes (joint factors). c. COE-Transferred Facilities – These include facilities that were constructed by the COE and transferred to Reclamation for operational and financial integration with the CVP. They appear in Schedule No.1 of the CVP financial statement. d. Non - Reimbursable Costs – The plant-in facilities include components directly set aside to a non-reimbursable category pursuant to Congressional legislation. In the CVP allocation these component costs are directly assigned to the appropriate category and are removed from the allocation base. f. State Share of San Luis Unit - In the allocation of CVP costs, the State share of the construction costs of joint-use facilities is directly assigned to the State and removed from the allocation base. The above said approach seems to be good. This is because the costs are identified and allocated separately. After completing the adjustments the remaining costs represent the total capital investment to be allocated among the authorized project purposes of the CVP. For single-purpose facilities, costs are allocated in total to the purpose served. Cost allocations can be made both within and across time periods. If two or more cost objects share a common facility or program, the cost pool of the shared unit is a common cost to the users and must be divided or allocated to them. Bases of allocation typically are based on one of the following criteria: cause-and-effect, benefits derived, fairness, or ability to bear. The selection of a criterion can affect the selection of a basis (Answers.com). Some cost information is reported to external users such as shareholders and creditors in